How to test IGBT?

（1）用万用表RX10kΩ 测量IGBT的三脚没有阻尼管，其中一个是另外两个脚是无限的，这个脚是G，另外两个脚是C和E.

在测试中，有两个脚具有一定的阻力，一个小的阻力，如NPN型管，黑色笔连接到E，红色笔连接到C; PNP类型正好相反。

（2）用RX10Ω~RX100Ω测量三个电极，用于测量阻尼管。次级电阻是几百欧姆，另一个是几千欧姆。两脚是C和E，电阻很小，黑色笔是E极，红色触针是C极，另一个脚是B极（G极）。

（3）测量和测量IGBT模块时，应使用万用表的RX10Ω 测量IGBT的 CE，CB和BE之间的电阻，该值应与阻尼管的电阻一致。如果IGBT组件发生故障，则集电极和发射极，集电极和栅极之间可能会发生短路。（注意：当IGBT工作时，栅极和发射极之间的电压约为9V，发射极为参考。如果使用道路测量方法，则应先断开相应的引脚，以防止电路受到影响虚假判断引起的内部阻力。

如果您想了解更多信息，我们的网站有IGBT的产品规格，您可以访问Allicdata Electronics Limited获取更多信息。

IGBT：  HGTD1N120BNS9A

IGBT模块：  IXGN320N60A3

Classification resistor

1. Resistance characteristic

Fixed resistors, adjustable resistors, special resistors (sensitive resistors).

 Can not be adjusted, we call fixed resistors or fixed resistors, and can be adjusted, we call it adjustable resistors. The common adjustable resistor is a sliding rheostat. For example, the radio volume adjustment device is a circular sliding rheostat. It is mainly used for voltage distribution. We call it a potentiometer.

2.By manufacturing material

Carbon film resistor, metal film resistor, wirewound resistor, non-inductive resistor, thin film resistor, etc. The film resistance is formed by evaporating a certain resistivity material on the surface of the insulating material by evaporation.

Mainly as follows:

 Carbon Film Resistors Carbon Film Resistors

Carbon film resistor (carbon film resistor), commonly used symbol RT as a mark; for the earliest and most commonly used resistors, vacuum coating technology is used to spray a layer of carbon film on the porcelain rod, and then the outer layer of the carbon film is cut into a spiral The striate shape determines the resistance value according to the number of spiral patterns. The more the spiral pattern, the larger the resistance value. Finally, the outer layer is coated with epoxy resin to protect it.

Although the resistance error is higher than that of the metal film, it is cheap. Carbon film resistors are still widely used in various products, and are the most basic components of electronics, electrical appliances, equipment and information products.

 Metal film resistor, metal film resistor, commonly used symbol RJ as a mark; it is also sprayed on the porcelain bar by vacuum spraying technology, but the carbon film is replaced by a metal film (such as nickel chrome), and in the metal film car The upper spiral has different resistance values ??and is plated with precious metals on both ends of the porcelain rod. Although it is more expensive than carbon film resistors, it has low noise, is stable, and is less affected by temperature. Its high precision has become its excellent metal film resistance potential. Therefore, it is widely used in advanced audio equipment, computers, instruments, defense and space equipment.

LIGHTFAIR International (Vitasolis) latest LED spectroscopy technology

According to reports, Nichia will launch the most advanced LED spectroscopy technology at LIGHTFAIR International (Vitasolis). This technology will be incorporated into the 757 platform of Nichia for the first time and will help control human circadian rhythms through a unique spectrum designed to stimulate activity. Nichia has previously demonstrated the technology at the 2019 Phosphor Global Summit (2019) and the 2019 Department of Energy SSL R&D Workshop.

So far, the main goal of LED lighting is to save energy. However, the focus of many lighting applications has recently turned to improving the quality of light.

 

Recent research has further revealed the relationship between light and human behavior. Humans can not only recognize the brightness and color of light, but human circadian rhythms may be affected by different wavelengths, especially the blue-green area. For example, lighting can have an effect on the level of activity throughout the day, including wake up in the morning, daytime activities, and nighttime sleep aids.

Nichia said that Vitasolis can provide very natural white light, and some of its spectrum contains more energy in the blue-green region, which helps control the human circadian rhythm. The spectral distribution of Vitasolis clearly illuminates the object while maintaining high light efficiency.

The advantages of Vitasolis technology provide opportunities for offices, schools, hospitals and other locations to improve circadian rhythms. Nichia believes that the future manufacturer will combine Vitasolis with the IoT system and provide the right lighting according to the time of day and the required environment to truly realize the people-oriented lighting experience.

Consumer electronics and their classification and application

Consumer Electronics:

Consumer electronics refers to electronic products used by everyday consumers. Consumer electronics refers to audio and video products used in personal and home broadcasting and television, including: TVs, DVD players (VCD, SVCD, DVD), video recorders, camcorders, radios, radio cassette recorders, and integrated audio systems. , record player, CD player , etc.

With the development of technology and the emergence of new products and new applications, digital cameras, mobile phones, PDAs and other products are also emerging consumer electronics products. Since the 1990s, information appliances integrating computer, information and communication, and consumer electronics have begun to deepen into family life. It has functions such as audio-visual, information processing, and two-way network communication. A processor, related supporting hardware (such as a display card, a storage medium, an IC card or a credit card reading device), an embedded operating system, and an application layer software package.

Broadly speaking, information appliances include all home appliances that can exchange information through network systems, such as PCs, set-top boxes, HPC, DVDs, super VCDs, wireless data communication devices, video game devices, smart TV boxes, WEBTV, and so on. At present, audio, video and communication equipment are the main components of information appliances. In the long run, refrigerators, washing machines, microwave ovens, etc. will also become information appliances and form part of smart appliances.

classification:

Radar and wireless navigation

Electronic element

Communication Products

Electronic design processing

broadcast

Television equipment

Financial electronics

techy's equipment

Commercial electronics

Instrument, instrument wire and cable

FPGA speeds up the market:

Consumer electronics are constantly adding new features every year and have seen significant improvements. This rapid development has put tremendous pressure on consumer electronics manufacturers to adopt the latest technology in their products. The system uses FPGA low-cost programmable logic to quickly achieve high capacity at zero risk and handle almost instantaneous changes while ensuring project delivery deadlines. FPGAs will be used in the design of consumer electronics products that are favored by the market in millions of quantities.

Home application:

Digital Television

DVD player

Portable entertainment

tablet

With the FPGA solution, the consumer electronics industry can bring new products to the market in areas such as flat panel displays, portable media players and home networking products.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of embedding an ARM hard core on a Field Programmable Gate Array?

Currently, the ARM hard core embedded in the FPGA includes Xilinx's ZYNQ series and Intel's CYCLONEV series.

ZYNQ has a certain market, but this market is not the mainstream market of traditional FPGAs, but to grab some control market in the field of micro-processing. However, at present, on the repercussions, I heard that it is not as good as expected. First of all, for small companies, there are not many people who are familiar with ARM and FPGA at the same time. In large companies, because they are facing a market with higher requirements for professional division of labor, they are generally used. The way of FPGA+CPU is still reserved for such new things like ZYNQ, and there are more wait-and-see attitudes.

But with the development of technology and tools, the use of ZYNQ is increasingly favored by many companies.

Compared to the advantages of FPGA+ARM:

Reduce the difficulty of hardware design.

The bandwidth between ARM and FPGA is very large, and can share the same DDR, which is convenient for data co-processing.

From the price point of view, ZYNQ and IBM's price of the same resource are almost the same, that is, ARM is equivalent free.

Disadvantages:

The development process will be a challenge. The general company FPGA development and embedded development will belong to different teams. The development of ZYNQ may require a new model.

For the field of image processing, there may be a DSP behind, which is also sold with ARM (TI's Da Vinci series), so ZYNQ is more embarrassing.

If you want to know more, our website has product specifications for FPGA, you can go to ALLICDATA ELECTRONICS LIMITED to get more information

What are the definitions of luminescence?

Compared with the heat radiation, the light emission phenomenon that the absorbed energy is transformed into the non-equilibrium radiation state directly by the object without passing through the thermal stage is called "luminescence" . The solid material with such luminescence phenomenon is called "Luminescence" as the solid luminescent material. It is usually divided into different types according to the mode of excitation and the duration of luminescence.

1. Classification by mode of excitation

(1)Photoluminescence (Photo Luminescence, PL).

Luminescence excited by light (electromagnetic radiation) is widely used in the field of solid state exciter and fluorescent lamp. There are many kinds of photoluminescence materials, such as fluorescent lamp  luminescent material, plasma display luminescent material, long afterglow luminescent material and up-conversion luminescent material, etc.

(2)Cathodo Luminescence (CL2).

Using electron beam to excite luminous substance, the electron energy is very high, some even reach ten thousand electron volts, some devices display screen (such as computer CRT display) adopt this kind of luminous way.

(3)Electroluminescent (ELL).

It is also called "field luminescence", which is produced by current or electric field. The light emitting diode (LED) mentioned above belongs to this type of luminescence, which is emitted when the current is loaded into the P-N junction.

(4) Irradiating luminescence.

X-ray, a ray, β ray, ray and so on high energy ray excites the luminescence. The most commonly used equipment is an increase in medical X-ray photography screen, X-ray screen.

(5) Chemiluminescence (Chemi ninecene) excited luminescence by chemical reaction. This luminous energy originates from the chemical energy released by chemical reactions.

(6) sonoluminescence  is a relatively new method of luminescence, originally found in water.

Solution, under the action of sound pressure has the phenomenon of luminescence.

(7)Tribological luminescence lminesenece is loading friction onto solid material of luminescence.

(8)Bioluminescence (bioluminescence). Luminescence occurring in organisms and their extracts independent of the absorption of light. In theory, bioluminescence is a special kind of luminescence that depend on chemiluminescence

2. Classification according to luminous duration

One of the basic characteristics of solid state luminescence is that when excitation stops, the luminescence process does not end immediately, but gradually weakens until it finally disappears, that is, the afterglow after glow  is observed. Generally, luminescence is divided into two categories according to duration: those less than this time are called fluorescence, and those that are larger than this time are called fluorescence phosphorescence.

This article is from Allicdata Electronics Limited which offer a varity of component made by the solid luminescent material.

Special resistors: network resistors and adjustable resistors?

l  Network resistors

In the circuit design, the network resistor is also used. The network resistor has the advantage of being neat and less space-consuming than the color ring resistor. The inside of the circuit is actually arranged neatly by a plurality of resistors. There are two types of network resistors.

Note: Network resistors are the resistors commonly used in circuits.

1.Dual in-line network resistor

The dual in-line network resistor is similar to the IC. The first pin is represented by a dot or a small groove. When you hold the component, the component body faces itself, the slot or small dot is up, and the first one on the left. The pin is the first pin. The holes for the first pin are usually marked on the board with square or pointed pads. When plugging in the network resistor, the first pin must be inserted into the board with the hole labeled the first pin.

2.Single in-line network resistor

A single in-line network resistor is a plastic box with a row of pins. The symbol in the circuit is "RN

RP", "1B"

The first pin is indicated by a small dot on the component body or the number "1" or a thick solid line. The first pin on the board is usually represented by a square pad or a dot. The first pin is usually inserted into this square pad or next to a small dot.

Network resistor :4608X-101-181LF

 

l  Potentiometer : adjustable resistor

The potentiometer is an adjustable resistor. Its  symbol in circuit is Rp. The resistance can be changed by adjusting the knob or screw on the component body. The potentiometer is directional. A potentiometer has three pins and there is only one way to insert the potentiometer into the board. The shape of the potentiometer is square, circular and rectangular.

Generally speaking, it is easy to judge the quality of the resistor by using a multimeter:

In general, it is easy to judge the quality of a resistor using a multimeter:

Adjust the resistance block of the multimeter to the appropriate resistance value and placing the two test leads on both ends of the resistor.

It should be noted that the hand cannot touch the metal part of the test lead when testing the resistance. In actual electrical maintenance, resistance damage rarely occurs. The important thing to note is whether the resistor is soldered (false solder) or stripped. The shape of the resistor is shown in the figure.

Potentiometer : 296UD103B1N