Connectors are the most important and indispensable part of electronics

In today's era of so advanced technology,  there are many electronic products  that we use or touch in real life. Imagine what would happen if there were no connectors in electronic products. The circuits of electronic products should be permanently connected with continuous conductors. Together, for example, an electronic device is to be connected to a power source, and both ends of the connecting wire must be fixedly fastened to the electronic device and the power source by some method (welding).

As mentioned above, both the manufacture of the product and the use of the finished electronic product bring a lot of inconvenience. Taking the LED landscape light  as an example, the distance from the power supply to the lamp holder is generally relatively large. If each line is connected from head to tail from the power supply to the lamp holder, it will bring unnecessary trouble to the construction and cause Wire wasted.

Some people may ask questions, directly open a gap from the fire line, connect the conductive parts of the wire together, and then wrap a few layers of insulating glue is not OK? It is not necessary to use a connector. Firstly, most of the insulating tapes are easy to age, and there are safety hazards. Secondly, the mechanical properties of the joints directly connected by wires are very poor. The wires are slightly vibrated and stretched, which is easy to cause an open circuit, and the interface is poorly contacted, which may cause heat generation, which may cause a fire.

Moreover, the outdoor environment is harsh, the requirements of waterproofing, salt-proof and anti-aging will be relatively high, and the insulating rubber will not meet the requirements. But if you use high-performance waterproof connectors  in outdoor lighting, it not only simplifies the installation of the power grid, but also all the safety hazards will be reduced to a very low level.

The above example simply illustrates the benefits of the connector, which makes the design and production process more convenient, more flexible, safer, and lowers production and maintenance costs. The emergence of connectors improves the manufacturing process. The connector simplifies the assembly process of electronic products, and simplifies the mass production process. It is easy to repair. If an electronic component fails, the failed component can be quickly replaced when the connector is installed, and the upgrade is easy. Replacing components with connectors, replacing old design flexibility with new, more sophisticated components. Using connectors allows engineers to design and integrate new products, as well as when building components with components, Greater flexibility.

Especially for industrial connectors , sometimes it is more important to be flexible and safe in harsh environments where plugging and unplugging is required. At this time, a simple plug connector with a snap button would be a wise choice.

 

What is a reverse protection circuit?

Reverse connection protection circuit:

Generally, in order to prevent the user from connecting the positive and negative poles, the interface of the electronic product needs anti-reverse protection. For example, the interface is made into a trapezoid or a gap, if it is reversed, it will not be easy to insert it, but because we don't know the product user is male or female, in the end, these anti-reverse designs will be destroyed and inserted by the user with brute force. For some industrial control products, only the way of connecting terminals is provided. Although the positive and negative poles are marked on the outer casing and the terminal, but some careless users will still reverse the protection circuit.

Therefore, it is necessary to use a reverse power protection circuit.

Anti-reverse protection circuit

1. The input can be rectified with a diode bridge so that the circuit will always have the correct polarity (Figure 1). The disadvantage of these solutions is that the voltage drop across the diode consumes energy. When the input current is 2A, the circuit in Figure 1 consumes 1.4W, and the power consumption of the circuit in Figure 1 is 2.8W.

Figure 1 is a bridge rectifierthat works fine regardless of polarity, but with two diodes turned on, the power consumption is twice that of Figure 1.

2. DC power input anti-reverse protection circuit can use the unidirectional conductivity of the diode to achieve anti-reverse protection. As shown in Figure 2 below:

This connection is simple and reliable, but the power consumption is very large when a large current is input. With the inputcurrent rating up to 2A, if Onsemi's fast recovery diode MUR3020PT is used, the rated tube voltage drop is 0.7V, then the power consumption must be at least: Pd=2A×0.7V=1.4W, so the efficiency is low and the heat is large, to add a radiator.

Figure 2. A series diode protection system is unaffected by reverse polarity. The diode has a voltage drop of 0.7V.

The product will consider the problem of “reverse connection protection” when designing. The customer simply uses the plug to connect the power supply. Therefore, if the connection is reversed, the circuit will be short-circuited, causing the circuit to burn and cause unnecessary loss.

1) Reverse-protection is performed by using the unidirectional conductivity of the diode, and the diode is turned off when the connection is reversed;

2) Using a reverse-inserted joint, this is a simple, low-cost and effective method.

Do you want to know the basics of semiconductor diodes?

In recent decades, electronic technology has developed rapidly and has become more and more widely used. It has become an important part of modern science and technology. What is electronic technology? Simply put, electronic technology is the science and technology to study electronic devices, electronic circuits and their applications. Learning analog electronics will lay the foundation for us to further study the content in the field of electronic technology and the application of electronic technology in the profession.

Starting with the formation of a pN junction, the semiconductor diode and its application are known.

1. Intrinsic semiconductor: pure crystal structure covalent bond free electron hole (pair in appearance) ie carrier (2 species) [hole current electron current]

Features: high resistivity, electrical conductivity with temperature changes

2, doped semiconductor

a: N-type semiconductor: doped with a pentavalent element impurity (donor impurity), and the free electron is a multi-sub (the majority carrier is called a multi-sub).

Hole is the minority

The concentration of the multiplier is related to the concentration of the impurity incorporated rather than the temperature, and the concentration of the minority is related to the temperature.

b: P-type semiconductor: doped with trivalent element (boron) acceptor impurity, hole is multi-sub, free electron is minority

If the impurity concentration of the pentavalent element is more than the concentration of the trivalent impurity, the P type can be turned to the N type.

3. Formation of PN junction

Multi-sub-concentration on both sides - multi-sub-diffusion - forming an internal electric field - hindering multi-sub-motion - enhancing the drift of the few children - drifting and spreading to achieve dynamic equilibrium - forming a PN junction

Note: Due to the large difference in multi-sub-concentration between the N-type semiconductor and the P-type semiconductor on both sides of the interface, the multi-substrate on the P-type semiconductor side is a hole, and its concentration is much larger than that of the N-type semiconductor; N-type semiconductor The multiple molecules on the side are electrons, and their concentration is much larger than that of the P-type semiconductor side. This concentration difference causes the multiple sub-diffusions to reach each other through the interface, and recombines with the other's multiple sub-subjects, so that the P-region forms a thin film layer with no holes and only negative ions near the interface; the N region forms a lack near the interface electron, only a thin layer of positive ions.

4. Unidirectional conductivity of PN junction

a: forward bias of the PN junction P—the positive pole of the power supply N—the negative pole of the power supply. The external electric field weakens the internal electric field, the dynamic balance breaks, the multi-sub-diffusion motion is strengthened, and the minority carrier drift motion is weakened, forming a forward current—the PN guide through

b: reverse bias of the PN junction P - negative power supply N - positive power supply, then PN cutoff

5. Relationship between current and voltage on pN junction

There is a relationship such as IF=Isexp(-eVF/kT), where -e is the electron charge; k is the Boltzmann constant; T is the absolute temperature; Is is the reverse saturation current, and the forward voltage U>0, i=Isexp(U/ut); Reverse voltage U<0, i=IS (I is independent of U).

If you want to know more, our website has product specifications for the semiconductor diode, you can go to ALLICDATA ELECTRONICS LIMITED to get more information

What is an capacitor and how to distinguish the capacitance value?

The capacitor is composed of two electrodes spaced apart by an insulating material (medium) and has an electronic component that stores a charge function. The symbol is "C" in the circuit. In the circuit, it has the ability to block the passage of DC current and allow AC current to pass through, which can bypass, couple, filter, isolate DC, store power, oscillate and tune.

The main parameters reflecting the physical properties of the capacitor are capacity and withstand voltage, which are indicated in the appearance of the capacitor. Some capacitors have a polarity, and the capacitors are marked with a direction of polarity.

The capacitor is divided into electrolytic capacitor (with polarity), tantalum capacitor, monolithic capacitor (no polarity), ceramic capacitor according to the dielectric material. The capacitance reflects the ability of the capacitor to store charge after the voltage is applied. The capacitance unit is often used in Farad (F), micro (uF) or picofarad (pF).

Conversion formula: 1F=1,000,000uF=1,000,000,000,000pF

The capacitance value of the capacitor is indicated by a 3-digit or 4-digit number. The first 2 digits or the first 3 digits represent an important value (ie, a significant digit). A digit indicates the number of significant digits plus zero.

Example: 471=470uF (for uF for aluminum electrolytic capacitors, 470pF for other types of capacitors)

When the capacitance value is marked with the letter "R", R is the decimal point. Capacitance errors are indicated by a single letter.

In the case of capacitor replacement, the capacitor with the same capacity and large operating voltage can replace the capacitor with a small operating voltage, and the opposite can not be replaced. The shape of the capacitor is shown in the figure.

Allicdata Electronic specialize in the production of safety capacitors, varistors, ceramic capacitors, film capacitors.

For more product information, please go to the website to get it.

 Ceramic Capacitors : GRM033R60J104KE19D

XC95144XL-5TQG144C IC CPLD 144MC 5NS 144TQFP What is the selling price of Xilinx Inc.?

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答：ALLICDATA Electronics提供超过1,000,000件库存，可立即发货，具有竞争力的价格.XC95144XL-5TQG144C IC CPLD 144MC 5NS 144TQFP Xilinx Inc.  实时库存数量和价格，请在我们的网站上搜索在线目录：Allicdata Electronics。

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答：ALLICDATA拥有超过1M +的库存， 因此我们可以在2-3天内通过Fedex，DHL，UPS在全球范围内提供。

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New Amplifier with Audio Applications - IC and Multi-Chip Modules

Infineon is combining its existing line of amplifiers with audio applications - IC and multi-chip modules. Four new Merus brand IC amplifiers have been proposed.

With its new "Merus" brand for audio amplifier ICs, Infineon wants to highlight the advantages of its amplifier ICs:

1. When the sound is generated in the speaker, the heat is not distributed;

2. Can't see, but can hear it;

3. Small and light;

4. Be flexible and configurable, but not just delicate and difficult to use.

The Merus amplifier is based on a new technology: multi-stage switching technology for Class D audio amplifiers, comparable to multi-level converter technology. Not only does it provide high efficiency, but it also has a positive impact on other audio amplifiers such as sound quality, size, output power, electromagnetic emissions and component costs.

Under the new Merus brand, Infineon bundles its amplifier ICs for audio applications.

Infineon is modulating the new Class D audio amplifier to control the power level of the analog five-speed converter. These multistage Class D amplifiers use additional power MOSFETs (integrated in the IC) and capacitors compared to conventional amplifiers.

This technique makes it possible to output an audio signal with a higher granularity, ie with a higher switching frequency and a scalable output signal level. Another advantage of multi-stage Class D amplifiers: they allow for smaller designs and sleep modes with virtually no measurable switching losses.

Four new Merus amplifiers

Based on the new modulation technology, Infineon introduces one of four integrated multi-stage class D audio amplifiers: the MA12040 and MA12070 with analog audio inputs, MA12040P and MA12070P with digital inputs (I 2 S). They are satisfied with power consumption in the 250 mW range and have no output filter. Therefore, they are particularly suitable for portable battery powered devices and for applications with limited installation space - if there is no space for the heat sink and the output filter is present.

The new Merus Class D amplifiers from the Infineon MA12040 / P and MA12070 / P support up to four channels.

Traditional Class D amplifiers operate only at higher volume levels and are more efficient. A realistic and typical audio playback that requires an average of about 1 watt of output power for itself is much more power than the IC of the first generation Merus multi-stage class d audio amplifier now presented.

The new audio amplifier IC supports up to four channels in the mode PBTL (parallel bridge load), BTL (bridged load) or SE (single-ended) can be configured. In PBTL mode, a single monolithic IC can deliver up to 160 W of peak power - maximum. 16 A load current. Alternatively, a four-channel IC can also be used in a 2.1 system, for example, two to drive a 20 watt range speaker (SE mode) and a 40 W woofer (BTL mode).

The new Merus Class D amplifiers, the MA12040/P and MA12070/P, have an integrated digital power supply with low distortion (THD + N = 0.003%) and low EMI emissions. They are protected by a variety of built-in functions: undervoltage shutdown (UVLO), short/overcurrent and DC protection, and warning and error messages when overheating. Infineon offers an integrated Merus Class Daudio amplifier IC in a thermally optimized 64-pin QFN package with EPAD (exposed thermal pad).